What is tooth decay?
Tooth decay is the formation of small pits, often seen with dark discoloration, resulting from the acids produced by bacteria in the mouth adhering to the tooth surface. Sometimes hidden cavities form without visible color change.
Why do teeth decay?
Bacterial plaque, formed by bacteria, can produce acids from the remnants of sugary and starchy foods left in the mouth. These acids dissolve the mineral structure of the teeth, causing the enamel to deteriorate, leading to the start of tooth decay and cavities, which dentists refer to as caries.
Who is more likely to get cavities?
Since cavities form from the interaction between bacteria and sugary or starchy foods, everyone is at risk. However, those with a high proportion of carbohydrates and sugary foods in their diet, and those whose water supply has very low fluoride levels, are at a higher risk. While saliva provides a natural defense mechanism against the acids produced by bacterial plaque, it alone cannot prevent decay. Diseases or medications that reduce saliva flow or amount can also accelerate the formation of cavities. For this reason, dentists often recommend sugar-free gum, as it increases saliva flow.
Can tooth decay be prevented?
Yes.
The most effective way is to brush teeth after breakfast and before bed and to use dental floss regularly every day. Since food particles tend to accumulate most in the grooves of chewing surfaces and between the teeth, toothbrushes should have small heads. The inner, outer, and chewing surfaces of the teeth, as well as the top of the tongue, should be brushed, and dental floss should be used in the spaces between the teeth. Brushes should be medium or soft-bristled and replaced at regular intervals. The bristles should not be worn out and should be stored in a way that does not harbor bacteria. Never use someone else’s toothbrush. During brushing, a fluoride toothpaste should be used to benefit from fluoride’s role in preventing tooth decay. Additionally, fluoride mouthwashes, which help to freshen breath and provide a feeling of cleanliness, can also be used.
Another preventive measure is to try to consume sugary foods during main meals and avoid eating between meals.
Regular visits to the dentist are the best way to prevent or catch a cavity early. Also, in cases of teeth sensitive to hot and cold, painful teeth, chalky-colored early cavities, brown discolorations, or pits, seeing a dentist without delay will change and simplify the treatment.